I think everybody knows that the 27 "books" in the New Testament are not in chronological order, that is, they're not in the Bible in the order in which they were actually written.
Scholars have been discussing and debating about the "authorship dates" for a long time.
We can learn things about early Christianity based on when each book was written.
We don't know with certainty when each book was written. We're pretty sure about the date of the death of Jesus, the execution of Paul, and the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem. This gives us some clues about the date of authorship of each "book."
Read Paul's letters. Note that he rarely quotes Jesus or even talks about him as a human being who walked the earth -- Paul imagines him as a supernatural indwelling deity (see Galatians 2:20 -- "Christ lives in me").
Paul never met Jesus, never heard his actual voice. Paul never read any of the gospels. How did Paul know so much about Christian theology?
Did he just make it up?
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Paul says he got his gospel directly from God
via "divine revelation."
Nobody sat down with him to explain it. He says that Jesus downloaded it directly to his brain. Paul claims that he got the complete picture from the original source. But in all his writings, Paul makes no reference to the Sermon on the Mount. Paul makes no reference to any of Jesus' parables. Paul says nothing about "Blessed are the peacemakers" (or anybody else). Paul never says "The first shall be last and the last shall be first." (And Paul never rails against Pharisees) The most prolific writer of the New Testament claims that he got his gospel directly from Jesus. Bullshit. |
The "easy believism" of Paul's teachings doesn't show up in a gospel until decades after Jesus' death ... here comes John (95 CE) with John 3:16, sixty years after Jesus died.
It's easy to figure this out ... here's the sequence of events:
1. Jesus lives on the earth. He dies [33 CE].
2. Then ... his followers start spreading his (actual) teachings [after 33 CE].
3. Then 14 years later ... Paul comes along [49 CE] (there's a dramatic story in the NT about his "conversion") and invents "salvation by grace." You dont have to DO anything, you just have to think the right thoughts, to stay of hell.
Which makes international evangelism a lot easier. "Hey guys, with our religion, you get eternal life regardless of your evil behavior! C'mon, join up!"
Paul was executed in 64 CE.
4. And then after Paul dies, the Synoptic Gospels are written [70 CE - 85 CE]. According to Matthew, Mark, and Luke, the "only believe" doctrine was never taught by Jesus. It is completely absent from those three gospels.
5. Ten years pass.
6. "John" comes along [95 CE] and writes a new "gospel" -- 90% of the weird stuff he writes isn't found in the Synoptic Gospels. It's fiction. Sixty years after Jesus' death, John writes a biography in which he quotes Jesus verbatim, at great length.
Remember, this was before the invention of the printing press and tape recorders and video cameras and computers.
And all of a sudden, we have John 3:16, which is destined to become the most popular Bible verse since Psalm 23 -- sixty years after Jesus' death, and twenty years after Paul's death -- we find out for the first time that Jesus himself endorsed "salvation by grace."
Think about it. Matthew writes his gospel ... Jesus never says "God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son."
Mark writes his gospel ... Jesus never says "God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son."
Luke writes his gospel ... Jesus never says "God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son."
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul wrote it. | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul actually wrote it. | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul wrote it. | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul wrote it. | |
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There is no academic consensus that Paul actually wrote this letter. It is referred to as a "deutero-Pauline letter." | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul wrote it. | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul actually wrote it. | |
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This is one of the "undisputed" letters, that is, nobody doubts that Paul actually wrote it. | |
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There is no academic consensus that Paul actually wrote this letter. It is referred to as a "deutero-Pauline letter."
In Ephesians, there are nine sentences that are more than 50 words in length (translators always chop them up into shorter sentences). Paul tended to write in short sentences. Ephesians has 116 words in it that don't appear in any of Paul's other letters (13 of the 27 "books" of the New Testament are attributed to Paul, so we have a lot of raw material to work with). |
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Paul is executed.
Before any of the gospels are written. |
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Acts 4:13
says that Peter was
agrammatoi
- "unlettered" - i.e., illiterate.
Yet here he is, writing an eloquent letter -- in Greek --- in 70 CE, even though he'd been executed in 64 CE. |
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This is the oldest gospel, the first one ever written ...
37 years after Jesus died. (Dr. Bart Ehrman discusses the historical validity of the Gospels) The Jesus in Mark's gospel is a fallible, no-frills Jesus. The Jesus in John's gospel is almost the opposite (John's Jesus should have been stoned for blasphemy almost right out of the gate). Mark supposedly got his information from Peter, yet the other Gospels have more information about Peter than Mark's gospel does. |
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Of the 661 verses in Mark's gospel, Matthew reproduces the essence of more than 600 of them, in language that is largely identical. | |
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The author never states his identity, but it is the same person who wrote Acts (there are similar theological views, shared vocabulary and writing style, and opening passages addressed to "Theophilus"). | |
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Why doesn't Luke record Paul's acrimonious encounter with Peter and other Christians (Gal. 2:11)? | |
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John's Jesus is "Superman without Clark Kent."
John's gospel does not mention Sadducees or scribes. Instances in the Gospels when Jesus talks about "Jew" or "Jews:" Matthew: 5 times Mark: 6 times Luke: 5 times John: 71 times -- more than half of these references are nasty and/or anti-Semitic. John's gospel contains no parables. John's gospel does not have any demons in it (but see John 8:52). In John's gospel, Jesus talks endlessly about himself (he makes eight statements about "I am" -- John 6:35, John 8:12, John 8:58, John 10:7, John 10:11, John 11:25, John 14:6, John 14:10). |
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Since the times of the early church, scholars are convinced that II Peter was not written by the same person who wrote I Peter. | |
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There is no academic consensus that Paul actually wrote this letter. It is referred to as a "deutero-Pauline letter." | |
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Paul didn't write this letter. It's a forgery.
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Paul didn't write this letter. It's a forgery. | |
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Paul didn't write this letter. It's a forgery. |
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